Enclomiphene Citrate Food & Supplement Interactions

Is there an official interaction list for enclomiphene?

No. Food-effect and interaction information lives in the prescribing information, and no approved product contains enclomiphene as its active ingredient [1]. FDA lists enclomiphene citrate as a bulk drug substance under evaluation; under certain conditions FDA says it does not intend to take action against a compounder using it, but the listing is not an approval [5].

Clomiphene citrate is a mixture of enclomiphene and zuclomiphene [1]; it is FDA-approved only for ovulatory dysfunction in women desiring pregnancy, with no approved male indication [3].

How enclomiphene is absorbed

Orally, enclomiphene peaks 2 to 3 hours after a dose, has a half-life of about 10 hours, is metabolised mainly to 4-hydroxy enclomiphene, and is excreted mainly in feces [1].

Do soy foods or isoflavone supplements interfere?

Enclomiphene blocks estrogen receptors in the pituitary, lifting estrogen's normal brake on LH and FSH so the testes are told to make more testosterone [1].

The soy data below are hormone levels in men who were not taking enclomiphene. A 2021 meta-analysis pooled 41 studies of soy foods, soy protein and isoflavone extracts from soy or red clover in men. Total testosterone (1,753 men), free testosterone (752), estradiol (1,000), estrone (239) and SHBG (967) showed no significant change, and sub-analyses by isoflavone dose and study duration found no effect either [2]. This analysis was not about enclomiphene.

Cruciferous vegetables and DIM

DIM (3,3'-diindolylmethane) is the major bioactive indole in cruciferous vegetables such as broccoli and cauliflower [4]. The review covers its cancer-preventive activity in breast cancer, not hormone effects in men [4].

Other foods, drinks and supplements

With no label, no source names a grapefruit juice, alcohol, caffeine or herbal-product interaction for enclomiphene. What regulators did list for enclomiphene itself: FDA's 2022 review of published trials and adverse-event reports listed cardiac and thromboembolic events (including pulmonary embolism and deep vein thrombosis in a safety study), raised estradiol, raised PSA, raised hematocrit, and no long-term safety data [1]. EMA's refusal cited venous thromboembolism risk, based on 4 main studies in 588 patients [6].