AndroGel Variable Absorption: Diet Protocols That Help Stabilize Testosterone Levels
At a glance
- High-fat, low-fiber vs low-fat, high-fiber diet / total testosterone 13% higher (41.0% vs 18.8% of energy from fat) in 43 men; significant only for SHBG-bound testosterone [1]
- Low-fat, high-fiber diet / circulating androgens fell about 12% over 8 weeks in 39 men, testosterone clearance unchanged [2]
- Low-fat diets overall / meta-analysis of 6 trials, 206 men: total and free testosterone fell [3]
- Zinc restriction / testosterone 39.9 to 10.6 nmol/L after 20 weeks in four young men [4]
- Vitamin D / 31 men on 3,332 IU daily: 10.7 to 13.4 nmol/L; 23 men on placebo: no change [5]
- Soy / no significant change in total testosterone, SHBG or free testosterone [6]
- Acute alcohol / testosterone fell as blood alcohol rose in 16 men, peak about 109 mg/100 mL [7]
- 1% gel study / doses adjusted after 90 days when measured testosterone was outside the normal adult male range [8]
What the diet studies measure
The diet studies below tracked blood testosterone in men eating different diets. None of those men was applying a testosterone gel, so the numbers describe diet effects on measured testosterone, not on how much testosterone crosses the skin from a gel.
In a study of a 1% testosterone gel, doses were adjusted after 90 days when pre-application serum testosterone was outside the normal adult male range; the study did not test diet as a way to adjust absorption [8].
Fat, fiber and testosterone
In a crossover feeding study, 43 healthy men ate a diet with 41.0% of energy from fat (and less fiber) for 10 weeks and one with 18.8% from fat (and more fiber) for 10 weeks. Total testosterone was 13% higher and SHBG-bound testosterone 15% higher on the high-fat, low-fiber diet; the difference was statistically significant only for the SHBG-bound fraction (P=0.04) [1].
Going the other way, 39 men aged 50 to 60 switched from their usual diet to an isocaloric low-fat, high-fiber diet for eight weeks. Mean serum testosterone fell, and the authors summarized a 12% lowering of circulating androgen levels with no change in testosterone clearance [2]. A meta-analysis of six intervention studies with 206 participants found that low-fat diets lowered total testosterone (standardized mean difference -0.38, 95% CI -0.75 to -0.01) and free testosterone [3].
Zinc, vitamin D, soy and alcohol
Twenty weeks of dietary zinc restriction in four healthy young men was associated with a fall in serum testosterone from 39.9 to 10.6 nmol/L [4]. In the same report, nine older men with marginal zinc deficiency who took oral zinc gluconate for three to six months saw testosterone rise from 8.3 to 16.0 nmol/L [4].
Among 54 overweight men in a weight reduction program who completed a year-long randomized trial, 31 took 3,332 IU of vitamin D daily. Their average total testosterone rose from 10.7 to 13.4 nmol/L, while the 23 men on placebo had no significant change [5].
A meta-analysis of soy protein and isoflavone studies found no significant effect on total testosterone, SHBG, free testosterone or free androgen index in men [6].
In 16 men given alcohol acutely, plasma testosterone fell as blood alcohol rose and stayed depressed at a peak blood alcohol of about 109 mg/100 mL [7].
Frequently asked questions
Does anything I eat or drink change how much testosterone I absorb from AndroGel?
Does dietary fat change testosterone levels?
Do zinc or vitamin D supplements raise testosterone?
Does soy or alcohol affect testosterone?
References
- Dorgan JF, Judd JT, Longcope C, Brown C, Schatzkin A, Clevidence BA, et al. Effects of dietary fat and fiber on plasma and urine androgens and estrogens in men: a controlled feeding study. Am J Clin Nutr. 1996;64(6):850-5. Effects of dietary fat and fiber on plasma and urine androgens and estrogens in men: a controlled feeding study
- Wang C, Catlin DH, Starcevic B, Heber D, Ambler C, Berman N, et al. Low-fat high-fiber diet decreased serum and urine androgens in men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2005;90(6):3550-9. Low-fat high-fiber diet decreased serum and urine androgens in men
- Whittaker J, Wu K. Low-fat diets and testosterone in men: Systematic review and meta-analysis of intervention studies. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2021;210:105878. Low-fat diets and testosterone in men: Systematic review and meta-analysis of intervention studies
- Prasad AS, Mantzoros CS, Beck FW, Hess JW, Brewer GJ. Zinc status and serum testosterone levels of healthy adults. Nutrition. 1996;12(5):344-8. Zinc status and serum testosterone levels of healthy adults
- Pilz S, Frisch S, Koertke H, Kuhn J, Dreier J, Obermayer-Pietsch B, et al. Effect of vitamin D supplementation on testosterone levels in men. Horm Metab Res. 2011;43(3):223-5. Effect of vitamin D supplementation on testosterone levels in men
- Hamilton-Reeves JM, Vazquez G, Duval SJ, Phipps WR, Kurzer MS, Messina MJ. Clinical studies show no effects of soy protein or isoflavones on reproductive hormones in men: results of a meta-analysis. Fertil Steril. 2010;94(3):997-1007. Clinical studies show no effects of soy protein or isoflavones on reproductive hormones in men: results of a meta-analysis
- Mendelson JH, Mello NK, Ellingboe J. Effects of acute alcohol intake on pituitary-gonadal hormones in normal human males. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1977;202(3):676-82. Effects of acute alcohol intake on pituitary-gonadal hormones in normal human males
- Swerdloff RS, Wang C, Cunningham G, Dobs A, Iranmanesh A, Matsumoto AM, et al. Long-term pharmacokinetics of transdermal testosterone gel in hypogonadal men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2000;85(12):4500-10. Long-term pharmacokinetics of transdermal testosterone gel in hypogonadal men